ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
(Department of English Language & Applied
Linguistics)
Course: Compulsory English-II (1424/5411/9408)
Semester: Spring, 2021
Level: BS Accounting & Finance, BA(AD)
Total Marks: 100
Pass
Marks: 50
ASSIGNMENT
No. 1
(Units 1–4)
Q1. Read pages 1-4 carefully (the content is
related to “academic writing various type of essays” and briefly answer the following
question (in your own words).
(a). How would you tell the difference between formal
and informal writing? Give examples in
the support of your answer.
Ans: Formal and informal writing
1.
I really am
sorry ….. (I)
2.
I am very grateful for…… (F)
3.
Why don’t we…. (I)
4.
I will not be able to attend the (F)
5.
Give my love to….. (I)
6.
I look forward to hearing from you…. (I)
7.
Let me know as soon as possible…. (F)
8.
Hello Tahir (I)
9.
Dear MS Salem …. (I)
10.
How’s life? (I)
11.
Your faithfully, (F)
12.
I apologies for the inconvenience…. (F)
13.
We had a little bit of luck this time… (F)
14.
The conference will commence this week… (F)
(b) Define ‘expository’ writing. How it is different than
other types of essay?
Ans : Expository writing is used to convey factual information (as opposed to
creative writing, such as fiction). It is the language of learning and
understanding the world around us. If you’ve ever read an encyclopedia entry, a
how to article on a website, or a chapter in a textbook, then you’ve
encountered examples of expository writing.
How it’s different from others
·
Just the facts, expository writing is informational,
not creative writing.
·
Anytime you write to describe or explain, you use
expository writing.
·
Use a logical flow when planning an expository essay,
report, or article: introduction , body text, and conclusion
·
It’s often easier to write the body of your article
first, before composing the introduction or conclusion.
v Expository
writing is everywhere in everyday life, not just academic settings, as it’s
present anytime there’s information to be conveyed.
v It can take form
in an academic paper, an article for a newspaper, a report for a business, or
even book-length nonfiction.it explains, informs, and describes.
Q2. Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is
about various parts of an academic essay) and write a descriptive essay (of
about 150 words) on ‘A Visit to Sunday Market.’
Ans: A Visit to Sunday
Market
Last Sunday,
I accompanied my mother to the Sunday market to buy things that she needed for
home in the market, I noticed ladies who were hurrying up as it was getting
late some people were bargaining while others were just looking at things and
moving on. There were so many fancy things that were attracting me. Soon we
have a lot of bags in our hands. I told her about things that I wanted to buy.
We then
moved on to the other street. From there, we bought a few gifts to be given to
our family and friends on Eid. Then we came to the street that was full of food
outlets. We had some snacks and fresh juice. This made us feel fresh and
energetic. We then went to see other shops selling decorative item. We bought
different types of lamps and light, artificial flowers, and many other things.
As we were
almost done with all the shopping, we started walking toward our car. On the
way too, my mother kept buying small stuff which she liked. We had so many bags
with us that we couldn’t them all together. We kept the bags in the car and
started driving back home. It took us a long time to get out of the market as
we got stuck in a traffic jam.
My mother
and I were completely exhausted. On reaching home, we breathed a sigh of
relief.
Q.3 Read
pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of
writing) and decide what types of writing style (formal/informal) is used in
the following text and how? (05)
|
It is a historic moment
for the institution and for its administration as this international event is
going to be held for the first time in the history. Now the national anthem
of the country is going to be presented. You are all requested to please
stand up in the honour the national anthem. |
Ans: its formal writing style because it has longer and complex in nature. The
passage is in passive voice and use third person pronoun.
Q.4 Read
Unit 2 which is on ‘sequence’ or ‘chronological order’ (pages 39-72). Sequence
is a writing technique that writers use to present information in a step by
step manner or in a process or in a sequence (of story, for example).
Now LINK (connect) the sentences
(given in the following text) by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS (such as
first, secondly, subsequently, then, after, finally, before, at last etc.). You
are required to use at least TEN sequence markers in your answer.
Ans :
Let
us first define who a prime Minister (PM)
is. A PM is the chief executive of a country.
Meanwhile in a country like Pakistan, before becoming the PM of the country, firstly one needs to become the leader of
political party. Secondly, as a
matter of fact, that party must also have a simple majority of seats in the
national assembly and then must also
win a national assembly seat subsequently. and, after, having won the national assembly
seat and having a majority in the house, at least one must also be In a position to take the vote
confidence finally calling oneself the PM of the country.
Q.5 Read
the text title as ‘A Day in the Life of a Nurse’ one page 56-57 carefully. Also
read Exercise-9 given on page 58.
Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about
150 words on ‘A Day in the Life of a Police Officer’. Follow the use of
SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.
Ans:
First, A policeman
starts his day with some exercise or jogging. It is necessary to keep him alert
and smart all day long. It keeps him fit and healthy to do the difficult job.
Then, he reports to duty at the police station. He marks his attendance. Afterwards,
He reads the daily Flits (First Information Reports). After that, He gets
orders from his seniors and goes on enquiry and investigation. Then, he very
boldly and cautiously do the investigation about the crime. Next, he reports
that to the headquarters about his report. After doing that he does his lunch.
After lunch he go through some FIR’S and listen to inquiries. Finally, his
shifts and.
Q.6 Read
the text titled as ‘Planting a Tree: A Step by Step Guide’ on pages 60-61
carefully. Now draw a flow chart for ‘Depositing Cash with a Bank’ write a
paragraph on it by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS. (10)
Ans:
 |
First ask
for a deposit slip and fill up all the details, like, Date, Account Type,
Account Number, Account Holder Name, and Amount and sign on the deposit slip.
Secondly, remember to fill up all the details in the receipt attached to the
deposit slip. Then, enter the denominations. Afterwards, hand over the deposit
slip and the cash or the cheque to the concerned person in the bank. Finally, remember to
collect the receipt ( also called counter foil).
Q.7 Read
Unit 3 on ‘classification’ and, particularly the text titled as ‘Pollution’ on
Pages 89-91. Now, complete the following tasks briefly:
a. Define ‘environmental pollution’.
Ans: Environmental Pollution is
defined as “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the
earth /atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes
or adversely effected.”
Transportation
Ever since
men abandoned animal power to travel, pollution of the environment has become
higher and higher. Its levels have only been increasing until now. Similarly to
industries, pollution caused by transport can mainly be attributed to fossil
fuels. Indeed, humans came across a long way from horse carriages to cars,
train (which, before electricity, used to be propelled by coal), and airplanes.as
traffic is increasing every day, pollution follows that evolution.
Agricultural Activities
Agriculture
is mainly responsible for the contamination of water and soil. This is caused
by the increased use of pesticides, as well as by the intensive character of
its production. Almost all pesticides are made from chemical substances and are
meant to keep diseases and threatening animals away from the crops.
However, by
keeping these form of life away, the harm is almost always made to the
surrounding environment as well.
Trading Activities
Trading
activities include the production and exchange of goods and services. As
regards goods, pollution can be caused by packaging (which often involves the
use of plastic, which is made from fossil fuels) or transport, mainly,
Residences
Finally, residential areas provide
there fair share of pollution as well. First, to be able to build homes, the
natural environment has to be destroyed in one way or another.
Wildlife and
plants or driven away replaced by human constructions. As it requires the work
of industries, construction is also a source of contamination of the
environment.
Following
that, when people settle in, they will produce waste every day, including a
part that cannot be processed by the environment without any harm yet.
Q8: Read the text titled as types of teachers on
pages 96-98 carefully and answer the following questions briefly:
(a)
What are the characteristics of your
ideal teacher?
Ans: (a) characteristics of ideal teacher:
1.
Love Their students:
One of the characteristics of an
effective teacher is that these teacher feel privileged and honored to be a
part in their students’ lives. They relate to their student by finding out what
they’re interested in and then learning more about those interests. This way
they can be more involved with there class and design lesson plans and reading
material that is both relevant and exciting to their students.
2.
Listen to students:
Listening to students goes a long way
in building relationships based off of trust and mutual respect. The teachers
that do listen receive valuable insight in to the lives of their students.
Students are more likely to ask for additional support when struggling with
reading or other subjects if they are in an environment where they know they
will be taken seriously.
3.
Make time for each student:
Teachers that make time each student individually
can see which students need to be
challenged in their reading and which ones are
struggling and could use some additional support. This teachers aren’t
necessarily better at time management, however, they do know when to ask for
help so they can make time for this important best practice.
4.
Learn something new every day :
Those that practice what they preach and or passionate about
learning and reading are the best examples to their student. Teachers that
strive to learn something new every day, whether it be through reading good
books, staying on top of local issues, or simply listening to a friend, will
inspire their students to be life- long learners as well.
5.
Fill the classroom with positivity:
Its amazing how far a simple and a kind word can go toward
lifting the mood of the entire classroom- especially for students that may be
struggling with reading or other subjects. An other quality of an effective
teacher is that they are consistently upbeat, which enable their student to
feel secure in their learning
environment.
(b). How would you define your ideal teacher?
An ideal teacher is one we respect form our heart. He or she
acts as a guide to the students, but at the same time does not push them too
much. An ideal teacher motivates the students and boosts their morale. An ideal
teacher tries to encourage the students and refrain from criticising them. Such
a teacher prefers to give positive motivation to student. An ideal teacher’s
comments are always constructive. The ideal teacher is our friend, guide,
educator, confidante, all rolled into one. One such teacher builds the whole
life of the students. Everyone in this world should get an ideal teacher.
Q9. Read about and effect (as given on pages 107-
112) carefully and complete the exercises (given on pages 112-146) in the unit.
Now write down an essay of about 250 words on the cause and effect of the
pollution explosions. Follow the use of cause and effect relationship in your
essay. You can discuss ONE effect of multiple cause and reason and vice versa
(multiple effects of ONE reason).
Ans. Cause and effects of pollution explosion
Pollution
growth is a global issue and cause for concern for the entire human race. Due
to the recent trends of population increase around the world, it is important
to become educated and aware of the factors that cause of population to grow
and the problems that occur due to this growth.
There are
many causes or reason for population growth, such as poverty, lack of education
and family planning information, lack of birth control facilities, religious
beliefs, traditions that demands large families, and the belief that children
are insurance against old age.
High
pollution growth is the main driving force of adverse impacts on the
environment. More people need more space, require more energy, water, and
natural resources, which inevitably leads to higher pressure on land, air,
water, and natural resources. They also produce more waste, which again has an
impact on land, water, and air.
b. Create a diagram illustrating various types
of ‘environmental pollution’.
c. Explain what causes environmental
pollution?
1. Industries:
Industries have been polluting our environment, especially since the
beginning of the industrial revolution, as mentioned above, notably due to the
increasing use of fossil fuels. In the 19th century and for a
significant part of 20th century, coal has been use to make machines
work faster, replacing human force.
Though pollution by industries mainly causes air pollution, soil and
water contamination can also occur. This is particularly the case for power –
generating industries, such as plants
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